C.A.R.E.- Vaccinations: The Best Defense

With the return of warm weather comes an increase in distemper and rabies infection among cats and dogs. Distemper and rabies are a problem all year long, but the chances of exposure are higher in the spring and summer because more animals are outside. Distemper viruses cannot be transmitted to humans. Rabies, on the other hand, can be transmitted among many species of animals and can be transmitted to humans if they are bitten by an infected animal.

Usually seen in the spring, canine parvovirus is a serious infectious disease that attacks the most susceptible; puppies (14 weeks of age and up) and older dogs. It is transmitted through infected fecal matter. After exposure, it takes one or two weeks for the dog to develop signs of disease, however, once the dog is exposed, the virus is shed in the feces from the third day. Your dog could appear healthy and be shedding the virus throughout his environment. Dog parks and doggie daycares’ should put out warnings when any of their clients report cases of parvo. Interestingly, tan and black dogs (Pit Bulls, Dobermans, and Rottweilers) are also more susceptible. Symptoms include fever, depression, vomiting, lethargy, and bloody diarrhea. If not caught quickly it is life threatening.

If your veterinarian suspects parvo, she will run an antibody test, and send it to a lab for diagnosis. While waiting for the results, the vet may give your pet medications to stop the vomiting and diarrhea, and an antibiotic to protect against a secondary infection, and place him on intravenous fluids to keep your pet from becoming dehydrated.

Parvovirus is hard to kill, and can live on floors, rugs, dog bowls and other household objects for long periods of time. The best product to clean and kill the virus is household bleach. It doesn’t take much - one part bleach to twenty parts water is enough to inactivate the virus. For the bleach solution to work, all solid material must first be removed by washing, followed by a bleach rinse. Sunshine will also kills the virus.

The best way to protect your pet is through yearly vaccines and keeping them from areas of accumulation fecal matter. Puppies need shots at 12-13 and 16-18 weeks of age although your vet may start them earlier. It is believed that once dogs have parvo they are probably immune for life.

Both the feline and canine distemper viruses are highly contagious and often deadly. The American Veterinary Medical Society estimates that more than 50% of adult dogs that contract distemper die from the disease. The death rate among puppies is even higher at 80%. Symptoms of canine distemper may include fever, mucous congestion, coughing, vomiting and diarrhea, squinting, eye discharge, poor appetite and listlessness. These symptoms usually appear within a week or two after the dog has been exposed to the virus. In later stages, the virus may attack a dog's nervous system resulting in twitching and paralysis. Symptoms of feline distemper may include fever, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite and depression. These symptoms also appear within a week or two of exposure to the virus. A cat that has feline distemper will also show a decreased number of white blood cells if tested.

It is equally, if not more, important to make sure pets are vaccinated against rabies. All warm-blooded animals can transmit rabies, which means cats, dogs and humans are at risk of contracting the disease. Wildlife including raccoons, skunks and bats are responsible for most cases of rabies in the United States. The symptoms of rabies vary, but the most noticeable sign is unusual behavior in an animal. For example, a typically calm animal may become wild and aggressive, while a usually rambunctious animal may become very docile and quiet. The best weapon against either of these diseases is vaccinations. All pet owners should make sure their pet's vaccinations are up to date. Cats and dogs should be vaccinated once a year against both distemper and rabies. If you suspect that your pet has been infected with either virus, contact a veterinarian immediately. If you see a stray dog or cat or wildlife that is exhibiting symptoms of either disease, do not attempt to help the animal yourself. Call your local animal control agency.